A separatory funnel is a laboratory apparatus used for liquid-liquid extraction and separation of immiscible liquids.
Typically made of glass, it features a wide body and a tapered neck, which facilitates the separation of two liquid phases. The funnel is equipped with a stopcock at the bottom, allowing controlled release of the lower liquid layer.
To use a separatory funnel, the two immiscible liquids are added, often with the aid of a funnel or pipette. After mixing, the mixture is allowed to settle, forming distinct layers based on density; the denser liquid settles at the bottom. The stopcock can be opened to drain the lower layer while retaining the upper layer in the funnel.
Separatory funnels are essential in organic chemistry for purifying compounds, especially in the extraction of organic solvents from aqueous solutions. They help isolate desired compounds from impurities, making them a vital tool in chemical analysis and research. Proper use involves careful handling to avoid emulsions and ensure clear separation.
Cleaning and drying the funnel after use is crucial for accurate results in future experiments. While typically used for small-scale separations, larger versions exist for industrial applications. Overall, the separatory funnel is a fundamental piece of equipment in many chemistry laboratories.
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